Evolution of progress!!!

Evolution of Management

The driving force behind the evolution of management theory is the search for better ways to utilize organizational resources

In this lecture Dr Mandi elaborated how the management has evolved over the years. Management and organizations are the products of historical and social times and places.

 The various management theories he talked in the lecture are-

1.The Classical theory of management

a) Scientific Management

b)Bureaucratic Management

c)Administrative Management

2.Neo-Classical Theory

a) Human Relations

b)Behavioral Science Approach

3.The Modern Management Theories

a) Quantitative Approach

b) System Approach

c) Contingency Approach

d) Operational Approach

dealing with each of the management theories in  detail-

Scientific Management:

One of the earliest of these theorists was Frederick Winslow Taylor.

 He was the one to start with Scientific Management movement. He studied how work was performed, and how it affected worker productivity. 

He provided the following four principles as follows:

1)   Replace working by "rule of thumb," or simple habit and common sense, and instead use the scientific method to study work and determine the most efficient way to perform specific tasks.

2)   Rather than simply assign workers to just any job, match workers to their jobs based on capability and motivation, and train them to work at maximum efficiency.

3)   Monitor worker performance, and provide instructions and supervision to ensure that they're using the most efficient ways of working.

4)   Allocate the work between managers and workers so that the managers spend their time planning and training, allowing the workers to perform their tasks efficiently.

Taylor believed that if the amount of time and effort that each worker expends to produce a unit of output can be reduced by increasing specialization and division of labor, the production process will become more efficient. 

 Although Taylor's method led to dramatic increase in productivity and higher pay in number of instance but Workers and unions began to oppose his approach because they feared that working harder or faster would exhaust whatever work was available Causing layoffs. job became more Monotonous and repetitive.

Management theories have evolved from an emphasis on authority and structure to a focus on employee .Dr Mandi explained that:

Scientific management deals with-“Analysis and Diagonosis of work”

He mentioned work study principles can improve the efficiency at a work place, the various steps to perform time and work study are:

1.   Break and analyze every individual action necessary to perform a particular task into each of its component actions

2.   Find better ways to perform each component action

3.   Reorganize each component action so that it is more efficient-less cost of time and effort

The goal of scientific management was to maximize the efficiency with which each individual task was performed.

I will be covering other parts of Classical theory of management in my next blog.